Original Research: Bryan Hubbard's Kentucky Ibogaine Initiative

W. Bryan Hubbard was forced to resign as Chairman and Executive Director of the Kentucky Opioid Abatement Advisory Commission on December 15th, 2023. Supported by Kentucky Governor Andy Beshear, incoming Attorney General Russell Coleman immediately started the planned collapse of a first-of-its-kind clinical trial into ibogaine. These clinical trials could have helped those suffering from opioid addiction and Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI), but it was killed in the 11th hour—why?

It couldn’t have been because Bryan was leading the charge. Bryan’s track record fighting for the people of Kentucky is without blemish. In addition to his leadership position with the Opioid Abatement Advisory Commission, Bryan has served as:

  • Special Counsel and Former Executive Director to the Kentucky Attorney General’s Office of Medicaid Fraud and Abuse Control,
  • Former Commissioner of the Kentucky Department of Income Support,
  • Former Commissioner of the Kentucky Mine Safety Review Commission.

So why was the majority-supported ibogaine proposal and its author tossed out? That was our question and why we began our pro-bono research into this affair.

A photo of Bryan Hubbard from Kentucky, He has long hair and a beard, standing in front of a wall library filled with books. Very studious.
W. Bryan Hubbard (2023)

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Who's Involved & Why?

Over the following pages, you will find summaries of our open-source investigation into the opposition to the Kentucky ibogaine initiative, including:

  • Steve Beshear (D-KY) | Former Kentucky Governor
    • Former Governor of Kentucky, whose shifts between public office and private sector roles have led to allegations of conflicts of interest involving the client activity at his law firm, Stites & Harbison (S&H).
  • Andy Beshear (D-KY) | Kentucky Governor
    • Former Attorney General and current Governor of Kentucky. He and his father were member partners at the law firm S&H while the firm defended Purdue Pharma against the people of Kentucky amid the Opioid Epidemic, which devastated the state. This raised concerns about conflicts with Kentucky’s public interest. Further research found many more examples.
  • Russell Coleman (R-KY) | Kentucky Attorney General
    • Like the Beshears, Coleman’s repeated transitions between public service and private practice at Frost Brown Todd have led to his Revolving Door profile at OpenSecrets. He also had to recuse himself from a 2024 FBI Medicaid Fraud case of a prominent campaign donor. A donor who happens to own and operate Kentucky’s largest substance abuse recovery center with nearly 2,000 treatment beds across two dozen counties.
  • University of Kentucky’s Principal Investigators
    • The University’s leading role in national opioid research has faced scrutiny, as two principal investigators have significant consulting income from over a dozen Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) manufacturers whose treatments they endorse.
  • Lobby and Donors
    • We audited nearly 25,000 individual campaign contributions based on employers. This revealed how opponents of the ibogaine proposal were very generous towards both politicians. Could it have been to kill the trials?
  • Big Pharma
    • When opioids came under scrutiny, Big Pharma didn’t stop generating incredible profits. They pivoted to less-potent opioids like naloxone and buprenorphine. These drugs require indefinite use, which means each patient becomes a patient for life. Often subsidized by Medicaid, these products are recurring income streams for drugmakers and insurance providers.

Due to the scope of this investigation, a significant amount of information needs to be shared. However, we’ve tried to make it scannable for those looking for the highlights and allow in-depth analysis for others. Please take advantage of the Table of Contents.

Additionally, investigative journalist Rachel Nuwer’s contribution to Reason Magazine documented our initial research and relationship with Bryan. It’s an excellent feature that goes into Bryan’s journey in more detail. The research shared was current during our June 2024 interview but has since expanded in scope. We wanted to explain the differences below between the figures and totals that were previously seen.

DISCLAIMER: All following information was collected open-source and links back to sources frequently. This report represents our collection efforts and observations. It does not imply guilt or intent. We encourage every reader to perform their research.

Table of Contents

The Beshears

Political & Legal Influence Across Kentucky Since the 1970s

A photo of Andy Beshear and his father, Steve, side by side. It's a composite of two separate photos into one to show their relation.
Democrat Governors Andy Beshear (2023) and Steve Beshear (2019)

Photo Credits: Charity Hedges, CC BY-SA 4.0, and Gage Skidmore, CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons.

Key Concerns

Steve’s Early Conflicts of Interest:

Purdue Pharma Lawsuit:

Bribery and Coercion:

Committee Appointments and Donors:

  • Andy has appointed at least twelve (12) S&H member partners and thirty (30) donors to committee or organizational appointments. Many of these coincide with the person’s commercial interests, presenting the appearance of quid pro quo. This extends past known committee appointees; if you look through all three of his campaigns and their contributions, you’ll see over $1 million in donations from individuals tied to potential conflicts of interest.

Steve & Andy Beshear's Reign in Kentucky Politics

1970s–1987: Steve Beshear’s Early Career

2005–2007: Andy Beshear Joins Stites & Harbison

2007–2015: Steve Beshear as Governor

  • October 2007: Kentucky Attorney General Greg Stumbo filed a lawsuit against Purdue Pharma in state court, estimating damages at nearly $1 billion. Purdue hires S&H to defend them.
  • December 2007: Steve Beshear was inaugurated as Governor of Kentucky.
  • 2008: S&H, representing Purdue Pharma, filed appeals and sought to dismiss lawsuits brought by Kentucky.
  • 2008: Beshear appointed Tim Longmeyer as Secretary of the Personnel Cabinet.
  • 2011: Steve Beshear approved $20 million in tax incentives for UFLEX Ltd., an Indian company. UFLEX was a client of S&H, where Andy Beshear works as an attorney. While unrelated to OUD, this is the first high-profile example of conflicts of interest for the Beshears.

2010: Andy Beshear Promoted to Member Partner

  • Andy Beshear was promoted to member partner at S&H. Both Beshears have served as member partners, which typically includes profit sharing or what is known as “member draws.” This means they can profit from client work they do not directly oversee.

2013–2016: Purdue Pharma Settlement

  • 2013: S&H missed a court deadline in the Kentucky lawsuit against Purdue Pharma. This allowed the court to admit critical evidence against Purdue, significantly weakening its defense. In an uncommon move, Kentucky Attorney General Jack Conway alerted S&H of their grievous error and informed S&H to notify their legal malpractice insurance of the case-ending mistake. Being found guilty of malpractice would have meant that S&H would have been liable for Purdue’s settlement amount. At the time, that was potentially $1 billion. As current and former member partners, this would not be good for either Beshear.
  • December 2015: In the final weeks of his term, Kentucky Attorney General Jack Conway settled the Purdue Pharma case for $24 million. Critics noted that other states received significantly higher settlements. Oddly, instead of handling the settlement himself, AG Conway hired local law firm Dolt Thompson to handle negotiations for Kentucky. For their services, Dolt Thompson retained $4.2 million for its fee.
  • April 2016: Four months after leaving office and giving Purdue a sweetheart deal, former AG Jack Conway joins the law firm Dolt Thompson, recipient of the $4 million fee from the Purdue lawsuit, as a named partner. The firm is now known as Dolt, Thompson, Shepard, & Conway.

2016: Andy Beshear Becomes Attorney General

2017: Bribery and Corruption Scandals

2019: Andy Beshear Runs for Governor

  • Andy Beshear defeated incumbent Matt Bevin in the gubernatorial election. During his campaign, concerns were raised about conflicts of interest stemming from his work at S&H and his involvement in cases that intersected with the Attorney General’s Office.  

2020–2024: Recent Developments

  • 2020: Under new Attorney General Daniel Cameron, Kentucky secured nearly $500 million in settlements from opioid manufacturers. This validates the injustices committed with the paltry $19.8 million settlement (after Dolt Thompson’s cut) that AG Conway agreed to with Purdue Pharma.
  • 2023: One of Andy’s prominent donors, Randall Weddle, faces allegations of campaign finance regulations associated with $200,000 donated to Andy’s campaign. Our research also shows that 12 law firm partners and approximately 30 donors were assigned to committees and organizations that commonly benefited their commercial interests.
  • December 2023: Andy wins a second term as Governor. Over his three campaigns, research shows over $1 million in donations from individuals tied to potential conflicts of interest.
  • 2024: Andy Beshear’s non-profit, First Sunday in May Inc., faced criticism for refusing to disclose details about ticket sales and their recipients, raising concerns about transparency.
  • 2024: Andy is shortlisted for a potential VP slot on the Kamala Harris POTUS run. He appears interested, and the pass-up may encourage him to seek higher office.
  • December 2024: Stites & Harbison still represent Purdue Pharma, as shown on their client list.

Further Research | Beshears Influence

For those interested parties, complete records and history can be seen at Steve & Andy Beshear’s Political History | Reveille Advisors. This will link you to a Google Doc that is publicly accessible and more in-depth than what’s shared here.

You can also see a historical timeline of Stites & Harbison’s relationship with Purdue Pharma at HISTORICAL TIMELINE | Purdue Pharma + Beshear & Co. This will link you to a Google Sheet document that shares similar content in another manner.

If you want to learn more about the Sacklers and Purdue Pharma, we encourage you to explore the ongoing series by investigative journalist Matt Bivens, MD. In this series, Dr. Bivens shares in-depth research into what he deems the “sociopathy of the Opioid Crisis.” We’ve come to the same conclusion.

Russell Coleman

Mixing Public and Private Sector Roles

Attorney General Russell Coleman of Kentucky in a dark blue suit and tie.
Republican Attorney General Russell Coleman

Key Concerns

Revolving Door Dynamics:

  • Coleman’s repeated transitions between federal roles, private lobbying at Frost, Brown, Todd (FBT), and public office have raised significant concerns about conflicts of interest. FBT often represents corporations in defense against state-sponsored lawsuits, and FBT’s ties to Coleman present a clear conflict for Kentucky’s new Attorney General.

Pharmaceutical Contributions:

  • A significant portion of Coleman’s campaign funding came from OUD manufacturers, lobbyists, and healthcare interests, including companies tied to the opioid crisis. Now overseeing the Opioid Abatement Commission’s funds, some $450 million, Coleman has made it easier for OUD manufacturers and recovery centers to influence allocations—especially after Bryan’s forced resignation, which killed the ibogaine initiative.

FBT and DisposeRX:

  • The financial and lobbying relationship between FBT, DisposeRX, and Coleman highlights the overlap of private-sector lobbying and public policy decisions. DisposeRX is his most substantial campaign donor, and one of FBT’s partners serves on its Board of Advisors. Several FBT partners are also involved in the OUD industry.
The screenshot from a Frost Brown Todd, a law firm, and one of their partners who is involved with many OUD conflicts of interest.
Screenshot from frostbrowntodd.com and one of their Partner's profiles and their association with several OUD benefactors.

Revolving Door Between Public & Private Sectors

  • 2015-2017: Member Partner at Frost, Brown, Todd – Transitioned to Frost, Brown, Todd (FBT), a prominent law firm and lobbying entity.
  • 2017-2021: US Attorney, Western District Kentucky – Tapped by Trump to lead the DOJ’s efforts in the region.
  • 2021-2024: Return to Member Partner at FBT – Rejoined FBT, where he represented and lobbied for FBT corporate clients.
  • 2024-Present: Attorney General – Elected as Attorney General of Kentucky. Coleman replaces ibogaine friendly AG Daniel Cameron, who lost his gubernatorial race against Andy Beshear.

Campaign Donors: Patterns & Sources

Russell Coleman raised $1.37 million during his campaign, with significant portions coming from pharmaceutical and healthcare interests:

OUD Prescription Manufacturers and Benefactors:

  • Over $196,000 (14% of total contributions) came directly from opioid use disorder (OUD) prescription manufacturers, pharmacies, and recovery centers.

Notable contributors include:

Traditional Healthcare Donors:

  • Nearly $68,000 came from pharmaceutical companies, medical groups, and healthcare lobbyists, which are not directly related to OUD treatment but would likely be combative toward ibogaine trials.
  • Combined with Rx contributions, this accounts for $225,915—approximately 20% of Coleman’s direct donations.

PAC Contributions:

Frost, Brown, Todd (FBT) & DisposeRX Connections

FBT Contributions:

DisposeRX’s Business Model:

  • DisposeRX relies on opioid prescriptions to sustain its operations. For example, Walmart began offering DisposeRX packets with every opioid prescription across its 4,700 pharmacies, including over 90 locations in Kentucky.
  • At nearly 5% of Coleman’s campaign funding, DisposeRX is a significant donor.

FBT’s Defense of Pharma Clients:

  • Frost, Brown, Todd partners have represented Purdue Pharma, Abbott Laboratories, and Merck in Kentucky lawsuits (tab #3).
  • The firm has defended OxyContin in legal cases across at least three states.

FBT’s Lobbying for OUD Benefactors*:

Drs. Sharon Walsh & Michelle Lofwall

Influence and Conflicts in OUD Treatment Research

University of Kentucky's Drs. Sharon Walsh and Michelle Lofwall. Two women facing the camera wearing their white lab coats.
University of Kentucky's Drs. Sharon Walsh and Michelle Lofwall

Key Concerns

Conflicts of Interest:

  • Both Walsh and Lofwall have consulted with most of the pharmaceutical companies developing Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) products. The doctors often receive significant compensation while recommending treatments tied to their clients.

Undisclosed Income:

  • Since the University of Kentucky discontinued mandatory reporting in 2019, total consulting earnings for both researchers remain unknown. In the three (3) years available, they earned a combined $150,000 outside the University of Kentucky.

Institutional Oversight:

Pharmaceutical Influence:

  • Walsh and Lofwall’s overlapping roles in academic research and industry consulting illustrate how private funding can shape public health policies and treatment recommendations.

Leveraging Funding for Personal Gain

Background and Research

  •  

Personal Salaries Increase After Receiving the 2019 R01 Grant

One element of R01 Grants is that once awarded, the principal investigator manages everything, including the allotment of funding for salaries and personnel expenses. HEALing’s $87 million was awarded in 2019, the same year both doctors saw pay boosts.

Unfortunately, records for 2018, the year immediately before the R01 Grant, are unavailable. We used the next most recent option, 2017, to get as close as possible.

Walsh and Lofwall also have lucrative consulting ventures out of academia, which we’ll dive into next.

Consulting Income From OUD Drug Manufacturers

Dr. Sharon Walsh:

  • Nearly $50,000 | ProPublica DollarsForProfs Database
    • From 2016 to 2018, ProPublica’s DollarsForProfs Project shows Walsh received nearly $50,000 in consulting fees from pharmaceutical companies for Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) treatments.
    • Examples include $18,000 from Titan Pharmaceuticals for consulting on an OUD implant and recurring payments from Braeburn Pharmaceuticals for assistance with clinical trials.
    • Faculty were only required to disclose consulting incomes between 2016 and 2018, leaving previous and more recent earnings unaccounted.
  •  

Dr. Michelle Lofwall:

  • Nearly $100,000 | Open Payments Database
    • Lofwall earned nearly $100,000 in consulting fees over three years, primarily from Braeburn and Titan Pharmaceuticals. Payments included $16,000 for advising on CAM2038 (FDA-approved as BRIXADI®) trials and $5,750 from Titan in 2021.
  • Known Consulting Clients and Funding From the OUD Sector:
    1. Braeburn Pharmaceuticals (BRIXADI®)
    2. Indivior (NARCAN®, SUBLOCADE®, SUBOXONE®, SUBUTEX®, and OPVEE®)
    3. Titan (Probuphine® dermal implant)

Pharma Influence & Relationships

Close Relationships With Indivior, Braeburn, and More

  • Walsh and Lofwall’s research and consulting activities have consistently involved companies like Indivior, Braeburn, and Titan Pharmaceuticals. Walsh has worked with a dozen Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) benefactors, while Lofwall has named the most prominent, Indivior, her client. This is concerning for many reasons.
  • Indivior PLC paid $600 million to settle allegations of falsely marketing Suboxone to MassHealth, targeting patients with children under six years old. Additionally, Shaun Thaxter, the former CEO of Indivior PLC, was sentenced to 6 months in federal prison.
  • As part of the settlement, Indivior Solutions, the company’s opioid subsidiary, pled guilty to a felony charge and was banned from participating in government health programs. However, this exclusion did not apply to Indivior PLC or its other subsidiaries.

Indivior Comes Out Unscathed, and the MATs Act Passes

  • Despite its legal history, Indivior secured a $111 million contract from the Biden Administration to support OUD treatment programs. This development followed its involvement alongside other manufacturers—Emergent BioSolutions, Aptar Pharma, Pfizer, Teva Pharmaceuticals, and U.S. WorldMeds—in advocating for the 2023 MAT and MATE Acts. The MAT Act eliminated the X-Waiver program, significantly expanding the number of healthcare providers authorized to prescribe OUD medications.
  • Effective June 2023, the Waiver Elimination increased the potential prescriber base for OUD drugmakers from 130,000 to over 2 million. This expansion, facilitated by prior lobbying efforts beginning in 2021, directly benefits the manufacturers of OUD-related products.
  • Look at how much of the OUD industry involves Indivior, which both doctors have worked with at various stages and names. The section that does not connect to Indivior involves Braeburn, also a client of Walsh and Lofwall. There is no spoke they haven’t influenced!
A flowchart showing how over the last two decades, Indivior is positioned to benefit from most of the OUD treatment options which their consultants recommend to the nation from their academic positions.
Click image for high-resolution flowchart.

A History of Double-Speak​

Dr. Walsh’s Commentary on Ibogaine

Walsh was on Kentucky’s Opioid Abatement Advisory Commission but stepped down after funding for non-FDA-approved treatment like ibogaine was proposed. What’s interesting is how her arguments against ibogaine show her true intentions. Please examine a couple of quotes from Dr. Walsh:

“If the focus is on opioid withdrawal, we have medications that are already approved for opioid withdrawal. It’s not something that is difficult to manage clinically. And there are protocols that have been in place for 30-some years. … Those are very effective drugs. I’m not sure why we need other drugs to target opiate withdrawal.”

Interestingly, she says new drugs were unnecessary, as she, Lofwall, and a third frequent collaborator, Dr. Sandra Comer from Columbia University, ran the clinical trial that led to BRIXADI (a new OUD product) being approved by the FDA after she said that in 2023.

Additionally, JAMA (The Journal of the American Medical Association), a peer-reviewed medical journal published by the American Medical Association, directly contracts her claim that they’re “very effective” from their May 2021 issue:

"However, preventing overdoses requires that patients be retained on medications for opioid use disorder, which has been challenging. Retention rates are quite low; overall, 40% to 50% of patients treated with methadone or buprenorphine relapse within a 6-month period of treatment initiation."

Up to a 50% failure rate is not “very effective,” as Dr. Walsh claims. Let’s see what else she has to say.

"She’s the CEO of a company that’s trying to develop it. So she’s going to come and talk to us about the development of this with it, you know, with the hope of getting money. There’s a clear conflict of interest from a person who has ownership of a company whose sole purpose is to get the drug to market."

Dr. Walsh’s extensive experience as a principal investigator for FDA trials—often funded by or directly benefiting private, for-profit businesses—demonstrates her understanding that collaboration with the private sector is standard practice. In emerging industries like ibogaine, few organizations may be equipped to handle FDA clinical trials safely and effectively. Given her familiarity with this process, her grievances seem disingenuous or, at best, gatekeeping.

Final Conclusions

It’s Time For The Paradigm Shift to Occur. Maintain Momentum.

This is an Illustration of the Tabernanthe iboga plant and it was drawn by Carey Kaack.

Beshear and Coleman Are Not Suitable for Higher Office

While intent and depth of involvement can be difficult to determine through Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT), observable patterns offer insights into behavior. For decades, the law firm activities tied to Beshear and Coleman have presented troubling conflicts of interest with their leadership roles. Notable examples include the cases of:

  • Abbott Labs vs Kentucky
  • Cardinal Health vs Kentucky
  • Johnson & Johnson vs. Kentucky
  • Merck vs. Kentucky
  • Purdue Pharma vs. Kentucky

That doesn’t even address their donors, who, as we’ve shown, can be cause for concern alone. We haven’t shared something yet: we suspect more conflicts of interest that we haven’t been able to identify. Why? Many donors listed their employer as “N/A” or “Retired.” While most of these donors are harmless retirees, some likely did that to conceal their professional or financial associations. How much? That’s to be determined.

Beshear has:

  • 1,217 N/A donors = $597,458.05 in donations
  • 7,129 Retired donors = $1,806,435.83 in donations

And Coleman has:

  • 242 Retired donors = $196,196.00 in donations

Speaking of donations, it’s important to clarify something: the mere act of a company’s employees or principals donating to a campaign doesn’t automatically indicate wrongdoing or a conflict of interest. Our research offers countless examples of such benign contributions.

However, red flags arise when beneficial responses or favorable outcomes follow specific donations or donors. We’ve sought to highlight these patterns, and now they’re available for your review.

The Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) Community Has Been Hijacked

Hijacked might sound harsh when describing a storied American university, its principal investigators, and the OUD treatment community, but no other word fits. Why? A genuinely open-minded research institution would prioritize unbiased studies to explore all potential outcomes—especially those that are cost-effective for patients and free from market exclusivity, unlike the profit-driven approach of Big Pharma and its enablers.

Similarly, advocates like Bryan and the ibogaine community weren’t calling for discontinuing existing treatments. On the contrary, everyone agrees those treatments are invaluable for many in their recovery journey. But what about those for whom they fail—or patients too fearful to endure agonizing withdrawals? As healthcare providers and drug manufacturers, there should be support for alternative solutions that meet these needs. Unfortunately, that’s not what happened, despite widespread support for change.

Ibogaine and Psychedelics Will Happen

Big Pharma has hoodwinked America into being the most prescribed nation in the world. That doesn’t happen by accident, and people know it! Time and again, these corporations erode patient trust, prioritizing profits over public health while operating behind closed doors.

Fortunately, Bryan has forged a coalition of like-minded individuals and organizations dedicated to advancing his vision. This effort has culminated in Bryan’s appointment as the Executive Director of the American Ibogaine Initiative at the REID Foundation. With strong partnerships and unwavering support, Bryan and his allies are determined to make FDA trials for these natural medicines a reality.

Stay current on Bryan’s progress by visiting wbryanhubbard.com and following him on Twitter @w_bryan_hubbard.

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